Long Slot mmWave Low-SLL Periodic-Modulated Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Empty SIW

In this article, empty substrate integrated waveguides (ESIW) technology is applied to design long slot leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). First, a uniform-aperture structure presented and its limitations on forming the beam are studied. Then, sinusoidal curve employed modify geometry of guided-wave which divides into number segments, making periodic aperture. After that, method proposed regulate guided waves inside ESIW. To end, modulation function derived simultaneously determine local amplitude segment length physical at each individual points structure. This results in manipulating phase constant $(\beta)$ leakage rate notation="LaTeX">$(\alpha)$ across aperture ultimately controls both tilt angle sidelobe-level (SLL) constructed beam. The placed centerline broad wall ESIW reduce cross polarization. designed operate 35 GHz with SLL = −30 dB backward notation="LaTeX">$\theta _{m}=-20 ^\circ $ . Finally, LWA simulated fabricated measured. A good agreement observed between theoretical, simulated, measured performance antenna.